Design Bureau: Initially OKB-21, later OKB- 30, chief designer N. G. Mikhel'son, later V.V. Nikitin.
In 1933 S. F. Valk proposed the development of a pilotless air-launched glider with an autopilot, infra-red homing guidance and large warhead for use as a weapon against ships, or other major heat-emitting targets. From 1935 this was developed in four versions which in 1937 were combined into the PSN (from the Russian abbreviation for glider for special purposes). At this stage chief designer was Mikhel'son. The concept was gradually refined into the PSN-1, of which a succession of ten prototypes were launched from early 1937 from under the wings of a TB-3 heavy bomber. By 1939 the totally different PSN-2 was also on test. Also designated TOS, these were initially dropped from the TB-3 and later towed behind a TB-7 and possibly other aircraft. In each case the glider was to home on its target at high speed after release from high altitude.
The PSN-1 was a small flying boat, with stabilizing floats under the high-mounted wing. It had a cockpit in the nose, where in the planned series version the warhead would be. In the DPT version the payload was a 533mm (1ft 9in) torpedo hung underneath. Once the basic air vehicle had been perfected the main purpose of flight testing was to develop the Kvant (quantum) infra-red guidance. In contrast the PSN-2 was a twin-float seaplane with a slim fuselage, low wing and a large fin at the rear of each float. This again was flown by human pilots to develop Kvant guidance. After release from the parent aircraft the manned gliders made simulated attacks on targets before turning away to alight on the sea. The planned pilotless missiles were intended to be expendable, and thus had no need for provisions for alighting.
Neither of the PSN versions made it to production, these projects being stopped on 19th July 1940. In retrospect they appear to have been potentially formidable.
Specifications (PSN-1)
Crew: 1
Wingspan: 18 m (26 ft 3 in)
Empty weight: 970 kg (2,138 lb)
Gross weight: 2,000 kg (4,409 lb)
Performance
Maximum speed: 168 km/h (104 mph)
Specifications (PSN-2)
Crew: 1
Length: 7.98 m (26.18 ft in)
Wingspan: 7.0 m (22.97 ft in)
Design mission of pilotless version 40 km (25 miles) at 700 km/h 435 mph
